Liraglutide shares 97% sequence homology with human GLP-1 and can bind to and activate GLP-1R.78 The elimination half-life of liraglutide is 13 h, and only one injection per day is required.62 Lixisenatide Lixisenatide was developed by Sanofi to treat T2DM.64,93 Structurally, lixisenatide is based on the exenatide structure but lacks proline at position 38, and six lysines are linked after serine at position 39.94 The six lysine residues increase the rigidity of the molecules structure, thus allowing its drug properties to be improved.78 These changes stabilize its structure, prevent protein degradation of the molecule in the circulation, and increase the circulation time enough to ensure once-daily injection (compared with exenatide, which is injected two or three times daily)
Control of protein function through oxidation and reduction of persulfidated states
It supports the organization of repair
Singer et al., 2014
Drug conjugation strategies include covalent or non-covalent attachment of the therapeutic to the carrier, ensuring stability in circulation
Final thoughts In our opinion, the rise of peptide-based skincare signals a major shift in how we approach anti-aging treatments